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Hypertension

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About Hypertension

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Hypertension is another name for high blood pressure. It can lead to severe complications and increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and death.
Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels. The pressure depends on the work being done by the heart and the resistance of the blood vessels.

Some key points about Hypertension:

  • Normal blood pressure is 120 over 80 mm of mercury (mmHg), but hypertension is higher than 130 over 80 mmHg.
  • Acute causes of high blood pressure include stress, but it can happen on its own, or it can result from an underlying condition, such as kidney disease.
  • Unmanaged hypertension can lead to a heart attack, stroke, and other problems.
  • Lifestyle factors are the best way to address high blood pressure.

A number of risk factors increase the chances of having Hypertension:

Existing health
conditions:
Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and high cholestrol levels can lead to hypertension, especially as people get older.
Alcohol and
tobacco use:
Consuming large amounts of alcohol regularly can increase a person's blood pressure, as can smoking tobacco.
Size and weight: Being overweight or obese is a key risk factor.
Ethnicity: Some ethnic groups are more prone to hypertension.
Age: Hypertension is more common in people aged over 60 years. With age, blood pressure can increase steadily as the arteries become stiffer and narrower due to plaque build-up.
Sex: The lifetime risk is the same for males and females, but men are more prone to hypertension at a younger age. The prevalence tends to be higher in older women.

 Without treatment, a hypertensive crisis can cause many severe side effects.

Examples of these can include:

  • Chest pain
  • Eye damage
  • Heart attack
  • Kidney damage
  • Excess fluid in the lungs
  • Seizures
  • Stroke

Therefore, it is vital that a person does not ignore a severe headache and any other symptoms relating to high blood pressure.

If the hypertension is not treated or controlled the excessive pressure on the artery walls can lead to damage of the blood vessels (cardiovascular disease), as well as vital organs. The extent of damage depends on two factors; the severity of the hypertension and how long it goes on for untreated.

  • Stroke
  • Aneurysm
  • Blood clots
  • Kidney disease
  • Thickened, narrow, or torn blood vessels in the eyes
  • Heart attack and heart failure
  • Brain function and memory problems
  • Metabolic syndrome