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Diabetes Milletus

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About Diabetes Mellitus

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Diabetes, often referred to by doctors as Diabetes Mellitus, describes a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar), either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both. Patients with high blood sugar will typically experience polyuria (frequent urination), they will become increasingly thirsty (polydipsia) and hungry (polyphagia).

Fast facts on Diabetes

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Diabetes is a long-term condition that causes high blood sugar levels

Type-1 Diabetes

The body does not produce insulin. Approximately 10% of all diabetes cases are type 1

Type 2 Diabetes

The body does not produce enough insulin for proper function. Approximately 90% of all cases of diabetes worldwide are of this type.

Gestational Diabetes

This type affects females during pregnancy.

The most common diabetes symptoms include frequent urination, intense thirst and hunger, weight gain, unusual weight loss, fatigue, cuts and bruises that do not heal, male sexual dysfunction, numbness and tingling in hands and feet.

  • If you have Type 1 and follow a healthy eating plan, do adequate exercise, and take insulin, you can lead a normal life.
  • Type 2 patients need to eat healthily, be physically active, and test their blood glucose. They may also need to take oral medication, and/or insulin to control blood glucose levels.
  • As the risk of cardiovascular disease is much higher for a diabetic, it is crucial that blood pressure and cholesterol levels are monitored regularly.
  • As smoking might have a serious effect on cardiovascular health, diabetics should stop smoking.
  • Hypoglycemia - low blood glucose - can have a bad effect on the patient. Hyperglycemia - when blood glucose is too high - can also have a bad effect on the patient.

Diabetes is a Metabolism Disorder:

  • Diabetes (diabetes mellitus) is classed as a metabolism disorder. Metabolism refers to the way our bodies use digested food for energy and growth. Most of what we eat is broken down into glucose. Glucose is a form of sugar in the blood - it is the principal source of fuel for our bodies.
  • When our food is digested, the glucose makes its way into our bloodstream. Our cells use the glucose for energy and growth. However, glucose cannot enter our cells without insulin being present - insulin makes it possible for our cells to take in the glucose.
  • Insulin is a hormone that is produced by the pancreas. After eating, the pancreas automatically releases an adequate quantity of insulin to move the glucose present in our blood into the cells, as soon as glucose enters the cells blood-glucose levels drop.
  • A person with diabetes has a condition in which the quantity of glucose in the blood is too elevated (hyperglycemia). This is because the body either does not produce enough insulin, produces no insulin, or has cells that do not respond properly to the insulin the pancreas produces. This results in too much glucose building up in the blood. This excess blood glucose eventually passes out of the body in urine. So, even though the blood has plenty of glucose, the cells are not getting it for their essential energy and growth requirement

Complications Linked To Badly Controlled Diabetes:

Below is a list of possible complications that can be caused by badly controlled diabetes:

Eye complications - Glaucoma cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and some others.
Foot complications - Neuropathy, ulcers, and sometimes gangrene which may require that the foot be amputated.
Heart problems - Such as ischemic heart disease, when the blood supply to the heart muscle is diminished.
Hypertension - Common in people with diabetes, which can raise the risk of kidney disease, eye problems, heart attackand stroke.
Mental health - Uncontrolled diabetes raises the risk of suffering from depression, anxiety and some other mental disorders.
Hearing loss - Diabetes patients have a higher risk of developing hearing problems.
Gum disease - There is a much higher prevalence of gum disease among diabetes patients.
Gastroparesis - The muscles of the stomach stop working properly.
Ketoacidosis - A combination of ketosis and acidosis; accumulation of ketone bodies and acidity in the blood.
Neuropathy - Diabetic neuropathy is a type of nerve damage which can lead to several different problems.
HHNS - Blood glucose levels shoot up too high, and there are no ketones present in the blood or urine. It is an emergency condition.
Nephropathy - Uncontrolled blood pressure can lead to kidney disease.
PAD - Symptoms may include pain in the leg, tingling and sometimes problems walking properly.
Stroke - If blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood glucose levels are not controlled, the risk of stroke increases significantly.
Erectile dysfunction - Male impotence.
Infections - People with badly controlled diabetes are much more susceptible to infections.
Healing of wounds - Cuts and lesions take much longer to heal.

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