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Cholestrol

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About Cholesterol

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Cholesterol is found in every cell of the body and has important natural functions when it comes to digesting foods, producing hormones, and generating vitamin D. It is manufactured by the body but can also be taken in from food. It is waxy and fat-like in appearance.

Two types of cholesterol

  • LDL (low-density lipoproteins, bad cholesterol)
  • HDL (high-density lipoproteins, good cholesterol).

Cholesterol is both good and bad. At normal levels, it is an essential substance for the body. However, if concentrations in the blood get too high, it becomes a silent danger that puts people at risk of heart attack.

High cholesterol is a significant risk factor for coronary heart disease and a cause of heart attacks. A build-up of cholesterol is part of the process that narrows arteries, called atherosclerosis, in which plaques form and cause restriction of blood flow.

Cholesterol

From animal foods, meat, and cheese.

Saturated fat

Found in some meats, dairy products, chocolate, baked goods, deep-fried, and processed foods.

Trans fats

Found in some fried and processed foods.

Being overweight or obese can also lead to higher blood LDL levels. Genetics can contribute to high cholesterol - very high LDL levels are found in the inherited condition familial hypercholesterolemia. Abnormal cholesterol levels can also arise due to other conditions, including

  • Diabetes.
  • Liver or kidney disease.
  • Underactive thyroid gland.
  • Pregnancy and other conditions that increase levels of female hormones.
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome.

Drugs that increase LDL cholesterol and decrease HDL cholesterol (progestins, anabolic steroids, and corticosteroids)

Having high cholesterol levels, while a risk factor for other conditions, does not itself present any signs or symptoms. Unless routinely screened through regular blood testing, high cholesterol levels will go unnoticed and could present a silent threat of heart attack or stroke.

Preventing high cholesterol

Four changes to lifestyle are recommended for all people with high cholesterol or who wish to ensure their levels remain normal. These changes will reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and heart attack

  • Achieve and maintain a healthy weight
  • Regularly exercise
  • Avoid smoking
  • Eat a heart-healthy diet